However, the web domain name of our university is just a small part of the world wide web. In 1999, the size of the entire web is 3000 times as much as the network of our university. Can we say in the world wide web, the random choice between two nodes of the distance is 3000 times of the 11? That is to say, in the world wide web, random from a web page to another web page for between random, click is 33000 times? To answer this question, we need to draw a complete network map. But the problem is, who have no such kind of the soil preparation figure. Even the largest search engine, the use of thousands of computers without a break, also can search the covers the whole network of 15. Stone. Not the whole network of the map, I can judge how the interval between web page? The answer is yes. But we have to learn to use ? plan a common method in ^ this is generally used against composition and the results are not expected for the stochastic system of the physics of the branch.
We used to have a simple premise: if all of the network, not a big pack people our computer, then come, study the decomposition of the smaller the points. For example, we extracts a small part of the network, contains 1000 node, then calculate any two nodes interval. Next we again in this foundation I selected the greater part, contains 10000 node, then calculate this part of any two nodes in the interval. We repeatedly select, repeated calculation, until I have computer system can handle the limit, and then analyses the change of interval tending to the node potential-results show that the increase of the node interval than the increase of the number of node much more slowly, and follow the cycle of simple and the formula. (1) the results that we know that the HP 541 battery total number of a web document, can is expected to the whole network of node interval. Japan electric company provides web document data of the total. They estimated that by the end of 1998, the network Bi public indexing of the node for a total of 800 million a node. In doing so, according to the formula, I can be calculated network "diameter is 18.59," for 19 approximation. Modeled on the statement, axel 19 degrees is the interval. Although the actual browsing wait when, some people got the impression can be observed, but is certainly a network little world, between any two documents the average interval for 19.
The rice belgravia liam six degrees of separation and the world wide web of 19 degrees space combination up, in the network, there is something beyond the wishes of human more basic things, decided the links in the distribution network. This kind of speculation and for subsequent discoveries confirmed. Scientists found in all human studies in the network, the interval are small. In fact, what the food chain, and the interval between species only two links; The cells of the gap between the son points is 3 times chemical reaction; The scientific community, the different areas of the common the interval between published works is four to six links; Nematode (big enough like between nerve cells in the brain which 14 neural key links. In fact, the world wide web of 19 degrees interval is the biggest, so far, the other research network the Spaces between the two to 14.
19 degrees interval and the difference between the six degrees space not small indeed. However, this is not a problem. The point is that the large network, although often have 1 million or billions of node, but it is a small world, the gap between the nodes than the total number of nodes are much smaller. Our society has 6 billion node, the interval of about 6. The world wide web has close to 1 billion node, the interval for 19. And by thousands of router consists of the Internet, the interval of 10. From this Angle consider problem, interval is a 6 or 19, the difference is negligible.
People naturally will asked the questions is: why large network nodes in the interval of so little? With billions of node of the network, and how to an organic whole repeatedly, to make the gap between the node so little? The answer is that these networks are highly photograph associated characteristics. Each other In front of the chapter, we talked about random network just each node a link node can be composed string. The problem is, if the node number is more than 1, link and how? In the real network, each node has generally more than 1 of the connection. When the network links to the average 1 threshold section node and the gap between the point is very large. But with the increase of the link, the distance between the nodes dramatically smaller. Let us consider the average link node of 4 for network. This means that from a typical node, walk the one step can achieve a node of the one. But, in fact, between the two power network links the number of node force, company for a link node number for "a. Therefore, if the value is bigger, so and even 4 is very small, households, some double Only ill need-1 step, can achieve all can find node. That would explain why Lenovo SL510 battery the interval of the most network so small.
Here the analysis can easily be used to express mathematical functions formula. This formula can be used to predict the interval of the random network nodes. (13 network nodes in small, the interval because of the numerical formula of small. In fact, even if the original numerical again big, the logarithm was very small. For example, with 10 at the bottom of the logarithm of million is only 9. For example, if there are two network, their nodes of steel mill links are 10, but one of the scale of the network is another 100 times, so, the bigger the quarter point interval network only small space of the network 2. Logarithmic relationship makes huge network becomes around us, caused a and a network of small world. ?
In among peers, Karen, the most famous is the pure, he often forget to mention for good before meeting forgotten it. Karen, a close friend of the opponent’s g and Robert frost LanXi (milk with such as six) once said: "I have to run home, because force Karen, promised to come to my house, and probably because he put it to forget, 0 and really will come." Six degrees have much space, Karen style: first was people forget ‘and then left again was found by the mass media and the scientific community, the attention. I don’t know
? Eight (1) if the number of nodes in the network for the value of the han, not greater than condition. So according 4 formula, it can well predict the random network average way exactly is who first proposed the concept of space six degrees, I know the earliest related narrative, from Karen. But he is come from where? Is he thought up for themselves? Considering that he have no enemy’s wit, and the west can he want to others not thought, others see not seen character, he can come up with this fall is easy to understand. To no, he or from cafe to listen to that, as he wrote short little said of performance like that? I’m afraid we never get a definite answer. But according to the subsequent events that change is something fun.
Karen, short novel, published in 1929. At that time the proms live in cloth Budapest, were 17. Because the book, even if, Karen is a failure, will serve a move, so the proms is likely to read or heard of this article, Karen little said, access to his proposed between people on the planet can by the five acquaintances mutual league tied point of view. For Alfred ‘riley we also can do a similar measure push. The novel appeared, although he was nine years old, but to literature.
The so-called six degrees intervals and 19 degrees interval but has a powerful said misleading, because for people may role assumed that in a small world, it is easy to find the necessary east west "the truth is not so This is not only because we want to find people or document in six or 19 link, and because of all about people or document in six or 19 links away. In other words, 6 or and when may be a decimal, also may be a larger, it depends on what you’re looking for. Since each page have an average of seven or so links, this means that the first document from the start, there are seven link, point hit twice, after 49 document waiting for 343, and then click on the document to # analogy. That way, if you wish to reach the node, step away 19 in principle we should and Chad 10 16 sc, this document than the total number of network documents more than ten thousand times a d-it seems to be contradictory, but not actually in the process of the search: we met in some of the link will lead us to fall back. Therefore, they are not "new" links. But, even if it is per click a document just for a second, and to try to finish all the documents about 19 step, also want to 300 million years! Even so, although however have so many choices, even if is not the use of the search engine, we sometimes still ran quickly find what they need to document.
Of course, the secret is that we do not blindly follow sb click on all the chain answered. We can use tip information judgment. For example, in the search for Picasso’s information is shut, if web site have three options, we will choose of modern art in the link, not point at wrestling players or the frog prince love life links. Through the interpretation of the link, we do not need to check the meaning of 19 degrees within some pages, it only takes a few clicks can find the required page. Although this way seems to be the most efficient, but in fact, the use of this method is not always able to find the shortest path. For example, we have ignored on the road of the wrestlers of web pages is probably just just have to Picasso web link, there was always the possibility. But most people in search of Picasso’s number of time, can ignore wrestlers of links, lead to finally take a few detour. By contrast, the computer has no personal taste or be fond of, it will one by one to check all the links Chad. Through all the possible paths for Chad, computer will eventually will find the shortest path.
Through the network of Picasso in seven looking for information, highlight six degrees of separation reflects a fundamental question: m to belgravia lime overestimating the United States any the shortest distance between two people. Six degrees space actually can only be upper limit. In any two Dell 1520 battery people between the existing, there are innumerable length different paths. M the experimental subjects belgravia lime doesn’t know to contact target’s shortest path. It was like in the maze, all we can see is the corridor and the gate. Eyes Even if have guide needles, and to know that export is substantially in the north, want to find the exit also will spend a lot of time, but also our action efficiency will be also very low. If, on the other hand, have fan site, not out of that time and 5 minutes, we can go out. Similarly, if the mill; The object’s silk experiment have all the United States all social road map, then letters also can pass Omaha and Boston to each other of the shortest path between the hands. No road map in hand, according to participants can only guess, sent a letter to the most likely will be sent to 6 of the object it into. Cases of female , if you want to meet the President, the first thought of the country may be those who know the President. You may want to most of the state’s is the senator or representative. Since most people are in fact and senator and selfless hand in, we first will try to find people who knew him, let the person which, to introduce me to senator and the President. So it need at least three among people. At this time, you may not think a few days ago, the ? time dinner party, sit by the person who probably time to go to school and his excellency President are classmates. So, you actually and President of the interval between two only. Similarly, meters of lime belgravia experiment of almost without exception record path is the shortest path. Therefore, really are social space is obviously overrated. The actual value must be less than 6, may also lower than estimated 5, Karen. Because there is no "social search engine", I may never make it clear the actual value.
Six degrees space to modern society is the result of this is due to a human always have to pay. At the same time human new invention of long-distance communication means a push it? Bad role. Lie prone skin We live of the global village for humans is actually born phenomenon. The ancestors of most americans are the homeland and family life is lost in the Midwest prairie, or the Rocky Mountains gold mine in the American people can’t and oceans apart continent of Europe to keep alliance, the relatives. When neither of opening, also couldn’t phone, the contemporary social network to be fragile, once because people move elsewhere and rupture, it is difficult to even. In the 20 century, as the mail system, telephone and air travel to eliminate and shorten the distance between people and people, all this changed. Now, to the United States and hence can continue to keep in touch with friends and family. We can also do keep in touch. For example I personally, although some relatives and friends live in South Korea or eastern Europe, but I can still and they keep in touch. In the twentieth century, the world has irreversibly collapse for a small world. And our world now are going through another critical poly ( states such as), the Internet is to every corner of the world is an organic whole repeatedly. Although in the network, and any one person for 19 times the distance between the click, but and relatives and friends, but only between the one click. Since after break up, some friends may have changed the five job, changed 3 cities, but no matter where they went, only to we like, we can all on the Internet to find their footprint. The world has been shrinking, this is because of the likely to be completely disconnect before social link, now but can easily keep going. And man can keep the number of links to the society also increased significantly, the further reducing the social interval. M belgravia liam estimates for the 6 degrees; Karen, estimates for the 5 degrees; Now, this value is likely to reduce to three.
"Small world" is really all network has a genetic attributes. The smaller interval and not mysteries of human society, or special properties, in fact, most of the network all around us with this feature. This feature is rooted in the structure of the network of web page or friends, both find the link is not among the facts. The formation of small world, and we are familiar with the OuJiLiDe geometry description of the world seems to exist in a much different. In OuJiLiDe world, distance is calculated mileage. But human communication, more and more and physical distance irrelevant. People in the world travel, rising from the crowd of completely alien to find old acquaintance, such examples show that we and the earth again and again on the other side of the one person, the relationship between the AiMen neighbors than and may even close relationship. In the nets not OuJiLiDe world each @ roaming, we continue to feel the universe exists between a kind of new geometry and wait for our research, so that we can understand that master side complex world.
